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Verify AI agent outputs before execution. PyPI version Tests License

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What is QWED Open Responses?

QWED Open Responses provides deterministic verification guards for AI agent outputs. It works with:
  • OpenAI Responses API
  • LangChain agents
  • LlamaIndex
  • Any AI framework
Use it when you need runtime tool call verification, AI safety guardrails, and policy enforcement before an agent executes an action.

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The problem

When AI agents execute tools or generate structured outputs, they can:
  • 🔧 Call dangerous functions - rm -rf /, DROP TABLE
  • 🧮 Produce incorrect calculations - Financial errors, wrong totals
  • 📋 Violate business rules - Invalid state transitions
  • 🔐 Leak sensitive data - PII, API keys in responses
  • 💰 Exceed budgets - Unlimited API calls

​
The solution

QWED Open Responses intercepts and verifies every agent output before execution: 
AI Agent Output → Guards → Verified? → Execute
                           │
                    YES ───┘
                    NO ────→ Block + Error

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How it works

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    AI Agent (GPT, Claude, etc.)                  │
│                                                                  │
│  "Call calculator with x=150, y=10, result=1600"                 │
└──────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┘
                           │
                           │ Tool Call / Structured Output
                           ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                QWED Open Responses Verifier                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                  │
│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌───────────────────────────┐│
│  │ SchemaGuard │  │  ToolGuard  │  │       MathGuard          ││
│  │  JSON Valid │  │  Blocklist  │  │  150 × 10 ≠ 1600 ❌      ││
│  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └───────────────────────────┘│
│                                                                  │
│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌───────────────────────────┐│
│  │ StateGuard  │  │ArgumentGuard│  │      SafetyGuard         ││
│  │ Transitions │  │ Type Check  │  │  PII, Injection, Budget  ││
│  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └───────────────────────────┘│
│                                                                  │
│               MathGuard Failed: 150 × 10 = 1500, not 1600       │
│                                                                  │
└──────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┘
                           │
                           ▼
                  ┌─────────────────┐
                  │  ❌ BLOCKED     │
                  │  Return error   │
                  └─────────────────┘

​
The 6 guards

GuardWhat it verifiesExample catch
SchemaGuardJSON Schema complianceMissing required field
ToolGuardBlock dangerous tool callsexecute_shell blocked
MathGuardVerify calculations150 × 10 ≠ 1600
StateGuardValid state transitionscompleted → pending invalid
ArgumentGuardTool argument validationamount: "abc" not a number
SafetyGuardPII, injection, budgetSSN detected in output

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Installation

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Basic

pip install qwed-open-responses

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With framework integrations

# OpenAI
pip install qwed-open-responses[openai]

# LangChain
pip install qwed-open-responses[langchain]

# All integrations
pip install qwed-open-responses[all]

​
Quick start

​
Basic verification

from qwed_open_responses import ResponseVerifier
from qwed_open_responses.guards import ToolGuard, MathGuard, SafetyGuard

verifier = ResponseVerifier()

# Verify a tool call before execution
result = verifier.verify_tool_call(
    tool_name="calculator",
    arguments={
        "operation": "multiply",
        "x": 150,
        "y": 10,
        "result": 1500  # Correct!
    },
    guards=[ToolGuard(), MathGuard(), SafetyGuard()]
)

if result.verified:
    print("✅ Safe to execute")
    execute_tool(result.tool_name, result.arguments)
else:
    print(f"❌ Blocked: {result.block_reason}")
    print(f"   Failed guard: {result.failed_guard}")

​
Verify structured output

from qwed_open_responses.guards import SchemaGuard

# Define expected schema
order_schema = {
    "type": "object",
    "required": ["order_id", "total", "items"],
    "properties": {
        "order_id": {"type": "string"},
        "total": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0},
        "items": {"type": "array", "minItems": 1}
    }
}

result = verifier.verify_structured_output(
    output={
        "order_id": "ORD-123",
        "total": 99.99,
        "items": [{"name": "Widget", "price": 99.99}]
    },
    guards=[SchemaGuard(schema=order_schema)]
)

​
Framework integration

​
LangChain

from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.agents import create_tool_calling_agent, AgentExecutor
from qwed_open_responses.middleware.langchain import QWEDCallbackHandler

# Create callback with guards
callback = QWEDCallbackHandler(
    guards=[ToolGuard(), SafetyGuard()],
    block_on_failure=True,  # Stop execution if guard fails
)

# Add to agent
llm = ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4")
agent = create_tool_calling_agent(llm, tools, prompt)
executor = AgentExecutor(
    agent=agent,
    tools=tools,
    callbacks=[callback]
)

# Every tool call is now verified!
result = executor.invoke({"input": "Calculate 25% of 500"})

​
OpenAI SDK

from qwed_open_responses.middleware.openai_sdk import VerifiedOpenAI
from qwed_open_responses.guards import SchemaGuard, SafetyGuard

# Create verified client
client = VerifiedOpenAI(
    api_key="sk-...",
    guards=[
        SchemaGuard(schema=my_schema),
        SafetyGuard(block_pii=True)
    ]
)

# Use normally - verification is automatic
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Generate an order"}],
    tools=my_tools
)

# Tool calls are verified before returning
for tool_call in response.choices[0].message.tool_calls:
    print(f"Verified tool call: {tool_call.function.name}")

​
Streaming middleware

The OpenResponsesMiddleware intercepts streaming events from the Open Responses protocol, verifying tool_call and function_call items through your guard stack before they are yielded to the consumer.

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Usage

from qwed_open_responses.middleware.streaming_interceptor import OpenResponsesMiddleware
from qwed_open_responses.guards import ToolGuard, SafetyGuard

middleware = OpenResponsesMiddleware(
    guards=[ToolGuard(), SafetyGuard()],
    block_on_failure=True,       # Replace blocked items with system_intervention
    on_blocked=my_callback,      # Optional callback when an item is blocked
)

# Wrap any async stream of Open Responses items
async for item in middleware.verify_stream(response_stream):
    process(item)

# Check runtime stats
print(middleware.get_stats())
# {"total": 12, "verified": 10, "blocked": 2}

​
Parameters

ParameterTypeDefaultDescription
guardslist[BaseGuard][]Guards to run against each tool-call item
block_on_failureboolTrueWhen True, blocked items are replaced with a system_intervention item. When False, blocked items pass through unmodified (warn-only)
on_blockedcallableNoneOptional callback invoked with (item, result) when a tool call is blocked

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How it works

  1. Non-tool items (text, metadata) pass through unchanged
  2. Items with type of tool_call or function_call are verified against all guards
  3. If verification passes, the original item is yielded
  4. If verification fails and block_on_failure is True, a system_intervention item is yielded instead:
{
  "type": "system_intervention",
  "status": "blocked",
  "tool_name": "execute_shell",
  "reason": "QWED blocked execute_shell: dangerous tool call",
  "verification": {
    "guards_passed": ["SafetyGuard"],
    "guards_failed": ["ToolGuard"],
    "mechanism": "QWED Open Responses Streaming Interceptor"
  }
}

​
Stats methods

MethodDescription
get_stats()Returns {"total": int, "verified": int, "blocked": int}
reset_stats()Resets all counters to zero

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Why QWED Open Responses?

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Security comparison

ThreatWithout VerificationWith QWED
Agent calls rm -rf /💀 System destroyed✅ BLOCKED
SQL injection in query💀 Data breach✅ BLOCKED
Wrong calculation💸 Financial loss✅ CAUGHT
PII in API response📋 Compliance violation✅ DETECTED
Infinite tool loop💰 $10,000 API bill✅ BUDGET GUARD

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Real-world impact

  • Finance: Prevent wrong calculations in trading bots
  • Healthcare: Block PII leaks in patient summaries
  • E-commerce: Verify order totals before payment
  • DevOps: Prevent dangerous shell commands

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Configuration

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Environment variables

VariableDescriptionDefault
QWED_OR_LOG_LEVELLogging levelINFO
QWED_OR_STRICTFail on any guard failuretrue
QWED_OR_MAX_BUDGETMaximum API cost allowed100.0

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Custom guard configuration

from qwed_open_responses.guards import ToolGuard, SafetyGuard

# Custom tool blocklist
tool_guard = ToolGuard(
    blocklist=["execute_shell", "delete_database", "send_email"],
    allow_unknown=False  # Block tools not in whitelist
)

# Custom safety settings
safety_guard = SafetyGuard(
    block_pii=True,
    block_injection=True,
    max_budget=50.0,  # $50 limit
    harmful_patterns=["password", "secret", "token"]
)

verifier = ResponseVerifier(guards=[tool_guard, safety_guard])

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Next steps